Phytochemical profiling and Cytotoxic properties of an EtOH Extract of Cistanche tubulosa Against Breast Cancer Cells line MCF-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54153/sjpas.2026.v8i2.1464Keywords:
Cistanche, Phytochemicals, Ethanolic extract, MTT assay, MCF-7Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine due to its diverse biological activities. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of C. tubulosa and evaluate its in vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells line. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out to detect major classes of secondary metabolites, the qualitative tests revealed the plant extract is rich of several bioactive group such as phenols, alkaloids, terpenes, glycosides, saponins, and tannins. The cytotoxic activity of the extract was then assessed using the MTT assay on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The cells were exposed to different concentrations of the extract (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) and incubated for 72 hours. The results showed a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability. Morphological examination of treated cells revealed typical apoptotic features such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies. The IC50 value of the extract was 237.6 µg/mL. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in cell viability at concentrations of 125 µg/mL and higher compared with the control group (p < 0.05). these findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of C. tubulosa exhibits cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, which may be related to the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites detected in the phytochemical screening.
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